Does Degenerative Myelopathy Hurt?

Degenerative myelopathy is a progressive disease that affects the spinal cord, most commonly seen in dogs, especially older dogs of certain breeds like German Shepherds, Boxers, and Corgis. The condition leads to the gradual loss of coordination and mobility in the hind legs and, over time, can result in paralysis. While degenerative myelopathy is more frequently discussed in veterinary medicine, it can also occur in humans in rare cases. A key question that often arises for those dealing with the condition is: Does degenerative myelopathy cause pain?

1. No Direct Pain from Nerve Damage

Degenerative myelopathy itself does not directly cause pain. The disease results in the slow degeneration of the spinal cord’s white matter, which is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and limbs. This loss of nerve function leads to weakness, loss of coordination, and, eventually, paralysis, but the condition doesn’t trigger pain directly because it does not involve inflammation or compression of the nerves, which are typically responsible for causing pain.

For many affected by the early stages of degenerative myelopathy, the first signs are a slight wobbliness or weakness in the hind legs. As the disease progresses, the individual may lose the ability to walk or control their legs, but this process happens gradually and without pain in most cases. This distinguishes degenerative myelopathy from conditions like arthritis or intervertebral disc disease, which often cause inflammation and nerve compression, resulting in discomfort.

2. Secondary Discomfort

While the disease itself doesn’t cause pain, secondary issues related to the progressive loss of mobility can lead to discomfort. As the hind limbs weaken, the body may become unbalanced, placing extra strain on other parts of the body, such as the lower back, shoulders, and front legs in dogs, or arms in humans who use mobility aids. Over time, this strain can lead to muscle soreness, joint pain, or pressure sores from extended periods of immobility.

For dogs, the lack of mobility can also lead to complications such as urinary tract infections or skin issues from being unable to change positions easily. These secondary effects can cause discomfort or pain and need to be managed carefully to ensure the animal remains as comfortable as possible.

3. Frustration and Emotional Pain

In both animals and humans, degenerative myelopathy can cause frustration and emotional distress due to the progressive nature of the disease. The gradual loss of mobility and independence can be emotionally painful, especially as the condition worsens. This psychological impact is a key consideration in managing the disease, as it can affect overall quality of life.

For pets, frustration might manifest as difficulty getting up, moving around, or performing daily activities they once enjoyed. In humans, this emotional toll can result from the increasing dependence on others for mobility or daily tasks.

4. Managing Degenerative Myelopathy

While degenerative myelopathy doesn’t cause direct pain, managing the condition involves ensuring that the individual or animal is as comfortable as possible and preventing secondary discomfort. For dogs, physical therapy, the use of mobility aids, and maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce strain on the body. In humans, rehabilitation exercises and assistive devices like wheelchairs or walkers can improve mobility and alleviate the strain caused by weakened muscles.

In both cases, it's important to monitor for signs of discomfort, such as changes in behavior or posture, and address these issues promptly to avoid unnecessary suffering.

Degenerative myelopathy itself does not cause direct pain, as it primarily affects nerve function and mobility rather than causing inflammation or nerve compression. However, secondary discomfort from muscle strain, immobility, and emotional distress can arise as the disease progresses. Proper management and supportive care can help alleviate these secondary effects and improve the quality of life for those affected by the condition.